Search results for "genetics [Genetic Variation]"
showing 10 items of 3029 documents
Managing crop nitrogen and soil dynamics
2001
Despite extensive research grain legume seed protein content and yield remains low and unstable. Grain legume performances in the cropping system are highly dependent upon N nutrition of the crop relying on root assimilation of soil N in combination with symbiotic fixation of atmospheric dinitrogen. In order to improve the competitive ability of grain legumes for growth resources an enlargement of the crop surface area production in combination with a judicious management of both inputs and N acquisition (and allocation to the harvested organs) is needed. Competitive ability implies to take into account economical constraints and the crop production effect on the environment, reducing the a…
Crustacés amphipodes de surface (Gammares d'eau douce)
2012
EA MERS CT3; National audience; L’ouvrage de Piscart & Bollache présente une clef de détermination actualisée des amphipodes de surface de la France métropolitaine. Les espèces natives et invasives sont décrites, avec une carte de la répartition de chaque espèce. L’ouvrage est agrémenté d’une partie décrivant l’écologie des amphipodes, leur comportement et leurs pathogènes les plus fréquemment rencontrés.
Pentamidine rescues contractility and rhythmicity in a Drosophila model of myotonic dystrophy heart dysfunction
2015
Up to 80% of individuals with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) will develop cardiac abnormalities at some point during the progression of their disease, the most common of which is heart blockage of varying degrees. Such blockage is characterized by conduction defects and supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia, and carries a high risk of sudden cardiac death. Despite its importance, very few animal model studies have focused on the heart dysfunction in DM1. Here, we describe the characterization of the heart phenotype in a Drosophila model expressing pure expanded CUG repeats under the control of the cardiomyocyte-specific driver GMH5-Gal4. Morphologically, expression of 250 CUG repeat…
Extrapolation of the Species Accumulation Curve for Incomplete Species Samplings: A New Nonparametric Approach to Estimate the Degree of Sample Compl…
2015
9 pages; International audience; Incomplete species samplings are deemed to remain the common practice in those groups of animals, such as small or micro- invertebrates, with numerous species that often are more or less difficult to detect in the field. Thus, extrapolating the Species Accumulation Curve as far as possible beyond the actual sample size may thus serve as a useful (although imperfect) surrogate to the desired, but practically inaccessible, complete samplings. In this context, several kinds of theoretical or empirical models for the Species Accumulation Curve and also a lot of estimators of the asymptotic limit of the Curve (i.e. total species richness) have been proposed. The …
Role of Chemerin in Cardiovascular Diseases.
2022
(1) Background: Obesity is closely connected to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Excess fat accumulation is associated with metabolic malfunctions that disrupt cardiovascular homeostasis by activating inflammatory processes that recruit immune cells to the site of injury and reduce nitric oxide levels, resulting in increased blood pressure, endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Adipose tissue produces adipokines, such as chemerin, that may alter immune responses, lipid metabolism, vascular homeostasis, and angiogenesis. (2) Methods: We performed PubMed and MEDLINE searches for articles with English abstracts published between 1997 (when the first re…
NAD+ repletion with niacin counteracts cancer cachexia
2023
AbstractCachexia is a debilitating wasting syndrome and highly prevalent comorbidity in cancer patients. It manifests especially with energy and mitochondrial metabolism aberrations that promote tissue wasting. We recently identified nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) loss to associate with muscle mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer hosts. In this study we confirm that depletion of NAD+ and downregulation of Nrk2, an NAD+ biosynthetic enzyme, are common features of severe cachexia in different mouse models. Testing NAD+ repletion therapy in cachectic mice reveals that NAD+ precursor, vitamin B3 niacin, efficiently corrects tissue NAD+ levels, improves mitochondrial metabolism and amel…
Distinctive amino acid residue periodicities in terminal sequences of type III and type I secreted proteins from proteobacteria
2007
AbstractThe Fourier transform (FT) method was applied to specify the distribution of 14 predefined groups of amino acids (64 residues) at both termini of annotated type III and type I secreted proteins from proteobacteria. Type I proteins displayed a higher occurrence of significant periodicities at both C-and N-termini, indicating potent features to discriminate between secretion types, particularly by the use of variables selected from the full periodicity profiles at 19 orders of FT. The Fishers linear discriminant analysis, together with the stepwise selection of variables throughout equal pairs of combinations for all predefined groups of residues, revealed the C-terminal harmonics of …
NAD+ Precursors and Antioxidants for the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
2021
Charcot first described amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) between 1865 and 1874 as a sporadic adult disease resulting from the idiopathic progressive degeneration of the motor neuronal system, resulting in rapid, progressive, and generalized muscle weakness and atrophy. There is no cure for ALS and no proven therapy to prevent it or reverse its course. There are two drugs specifically approved for the treatment of ALS, riluzol and edaravone, and many others have already been tested or are following clinical trials. However, at the present moment, we still cannot glimpse a true breakthrough in the treatment of this devastating disease. Nevertheless, our understanding of the pathophysiology…
Chemically induced mouse models of intestinal inflammation
2007
Animal models of intestinal inflammation are indispensable for our understanding of the pathogenesis of Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease in humans. Here, we provide protocols for establishing murine 2,4,6-trinitro benzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-, oxazolone- and both acute and chronic dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis, the most widely used chemically induced models of intestinal inflammation. In the former two models, colitis is induced by intrarectal administration of the covalently reactive reagents TNBS/oxazolone, which are believed to induce a T-cell-mediated response against hapten-modified autologous proteins/luminal antigens. In …
Prediction model for aneuploidy in early human embryo development revealed by single-cell analysis.
2014
Aneuploidies are prevalent in the human embryo and impair proper development, leading to cell cycle arrest. Recent advances in imaging and molecular and genetic analyses are postulated as promising strategies to unveil the mechanisms involved in aneuploidy generation. Here we combine time-lapse, complete chromosomal assessment and single-cell RT–qPCR to simultaneously obtain information from all cells that compose a human embryo until the approximately eight-cell stage (n=85). Our data indicate that the chromosomal status of aneuploid embryos (n=26), including those that are mosaic (n=3), correlates with significant differences in the duration of the first mitotic phase when compared with e…